Drill Pipe Power Tong
Drill Pipe power tong
Drill pipe Power tongs are mechanized tools powered by hydraulic pressure and pneumatic clamping. A model of tong with sliding heads suited for make-up and break-out of threaded drill string pipe at higher torque levels. Designed to improve the efficiency, and safety of drill floor operations, Power tongs are essential tools in the oil and gas industry. They are large-capacity, self-locking wrenches used for applying torque, and gripping drill string components. Drill pipe power tongs are used for drilling, lifting and unloading threads, connecting single and kelly pipes, and handling movable drilling tools during accidents.
What is Drill Pipe Power Tong?
Drill pipe power tongs are mechanized tools powered by hydraulic pressure and pneumatic clamping. A model of tong with sliding heads suited for make-up and break-out of threaded drill string pipe at higher torque levels. Designed to improve the efficiency, and safety of drill floor operations, power tongs are essential tools in the oil and gas industry. They are large-capacity, self-locking wrenches used for applying torque, and gripping drill string components. Drill pipe power tongs are used for drilling, lifting and unloading threads, connecting single and kelly pipes, and handling movable drilling tools during accidents.
Advantages of Drill Pipe Power Tong
The best Drill pipe power tongs in china are indispensable components of drilling machinery utilized in oil and gas exploration. They provide a robust grip on the drill pipe, enabling safe handling and maneuvering during the drilling process. These powerful tools are designed to withstand the demanding conditions and high torque requirements of drilling operations.
Enhanced efficiency
The best drill pipe power tongs in china offer advanced features that enhance operational efficiency. With their high torque capabilities, these tongs facilitate faster and more precise pipe connections, resulting in improved drilling performance. They significantly reduce the time required for pipe makeup and breakout, thereby increasing overall operational productivity.
Operator safety
Safety is of paramount importance in any drilling operation. The best drill pipe power tongs in china are designed with safety features that protect operators from potential hazards. These tongs incorporate mechanisms such as torque control systems, emergency stop functions, and ergonomic designs to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries. By prioritizing operator safety, these tools contribute to a secure working environment.
Durability and reliability
Drilling operations subject equipment to extreme conditions, including high pressures, vibrations, and harsh environments. The best drill pipe power tongs in china are engineered to endure these challenging circumstances. Constructed from high-quality materials, they are resistant to wear, corrosion, and fatigue. Their durability ensures a longer lifESPan and reduces the frequency of maintenance, resulting in cost savings for drilling companies.
Versatility
The best drill pipe power tongs offer versatility in terms of compatibility with various drill pipe sizes and types. They can handle a wide range of pipe diameters and connection types, providing flexibility during drilling operations. This adaptability allows drilling crews to efficiently tackle different wellbore specifications, saving time and effort in changing tongs for different pipe sizes.
Four Types of Drill Pipe Power Tong
Drill pipe power tongs are generally classified into four types:
Casing, tubing, drill pipe, and riser.
Casing tongs: Casing drill pipe power tongs are used to make or break casing tubulars placed in the drill hole in order to maintain the opening of the well. They come in a variety of sizes that Measure anywhere from 5 ½ feet to 36 feet, and are designed to deal with lightweight, or high torque casing. Casing tongs are also available in a variety of models, with torques ranging from 15,000 to 200,000 foot-pounds. Consistent operations among the different models minimize the need for employee training.
Tubing tongs: The main purpose of tubing drill pipe power tongs is to run tubulars in order to extract oil and gas from reservoirs. Ruggedly designed, they provide steady, and reliable performance, even at higher torques. Like casing tongs, they also come in a variety of models depending on your torque specifications.
Drill pipe tongs: Drill pipe drill pipe power tongs form drill strings by screwing together drill pipe, and industrial tubular used for drilling into the ground. These tongs are effective at lowering drill time, and reducing costs. Designed for safe, and quick make-up, they come in sizes 2.36 to 10 inches, and include a variety of models.
Riser tongs: Risers are similar to pipelines in that they are conduits that move materials from the blowout preventer, located on the seafloor, to a drilling rig or floating production structure. Like flowlines, drilling risers transfer mud during the drilling stages while production risers carry over production materials, and hydrocarbons. Manufacturers of premium pipes have created threaded risers that are sealable, fatigue-resistant, and high-pressure– ideal for deep-water drilling.
The Main Structure and Working Principle of Drill Pipe Power Tong
Drill Pipe Power Tong mainly consists of tong head, planet gearbox, speedreduction device, air passage, and hydraulic system, while tong headcomprisesclamping mechanism, floating mechanism, brake mechanismand position-restoringmechanism.
1. Two-speed planet gearbox
In order to achieve low torque spinning at high speed and high torquemake-uporbreak-out at low speed, drill pipe power tong is provided withatwo-speedplanet shift gear and unique braking mechanism for shifting the gear without stoppingthetongs. The efficiency of the tongs is therefore raised. High speed is obtained as hydraulic Motor drives planet gear Z3ontheframe to rotate, power comes from the sun gear Z1 when internal gear Z2 is braked. Forlow speed, the sequence is reverse, hydraulic Motor drives the sun gear Z6torotate,power comes from the frame of the planet gear Z5 when the internal gear Z4isbraked.
2. Reducer assembly
The output shaft of the two-speed planet Gear Box is the input shaft ofthe two-speed gear reducer assembly, the notched gear Z11 is driven to rotatethroughthe first step deceleration (Z7-Z8) and the second step deceleration (Z9-Z10-Z11). Thefunction of two idle gears Z10 is to keep the notched gear Z11 rotation continuouslybyZ9. This is necessary for "padding the notch".
3. Tongs Head
Gripping mechanism: The notched gear of transmission drives thefloatingbodyto rotate through three pins. If brake band continuously prevents the brakediscfromrotating with about 1 kN.m torque and the jaw rack with jaws is connected withbrakediscby screws, when the floating body begins to rotate, both brake disc and thejawrackisbraked to stop because disc is not in notch with the tool joint. But the camwithaffixedslope rotates along with the rotation of the float body, the rollers located at thebackofthe jaw will go up along the spiral surface and comes close to the center alongthegroove and at last grip against the drill string joint. Meanwhile, the notched gear will drivethe brake disc, the jaw rack and jaws on the floating body and drill string torotatefortheoperation of making-up and breaking-out.
4. Pneumatic system
Inordertoavoid long-distance pipeline affecting flow the power tong features inner cavityofsuspension rod to reserve compressed air. So the inner cavity is just the air reservoir. Pneumatic system contains two QF501B bi-directional air valves, whichcontrol highand low gear tyres and gripping cylinder respectively.
5. Hydraulic system
Hydraulic oil from hydraulic source of well repairing machine goesthroughoil hose to hand-reversing valve. The hydraulic motor can rotate for wardandbackward by controlling the hand-reversing valve. Pressure gauge indicatesthepressure reading. By looking up the comparison of pressure and torque thetorquevalvecomes out.
Drill Pipe Grade of Drill Pipe Power Tongs
Drill pipes are made with different chemical compositions and varying properties and dimensions. One way to classify drill pipes is through steel grade.
Steel grade is computed from required tensile strength and yield strength. Yield strength corresponds to the minimum pressure the drill pipe can take before deformation starts. Tensile strength refers to the maximum stress that the drill pipe can take when tension is applied before breaking.
Types of Drill Pipe Steel Grades:
● E – lowest yield strength per unit area at 75,000 psi.
● X – 95,000 psi.
● G – 105,000 psi.
● S – highest yield strength at 150,000 psi used for deeper wells.
The naming convention is the steel grade letter plus the minimum yield strength.
Grades X-95, G-105, and S-135 are considered high strength grades. They exhibit increased yield strength which is required for drilling deeper wells.
API grades (create visual chart here)
|
API Drill Pipe Grade |
Minimum Yield Strength (psi) |
Minimum Tensile Strength (psi) |
|
E-75 |
75,000 |
100,000 |
|
X-95 |
95,000 |
105,000 |
|
G-105 |
105,000 |
115,000 |
|
S-135 |
135,000 |
145,000 |
As the requirements for drilling have become more advanced over the years, manufacturers have created proprietary steel grades to support newer design requirements and harsher drilling conditions. Examples of drill pipes with proprietary steel grades are those used for critical service, sour service, thermal, or low temperature service.
Applications of Drill Pipe Power Tong
Drill pipe power tongs play a crucial role in the oilfield industry, specifically within the metallurgy, mining, and energy sector. These powerful tools are designed to facilitate the handling and tightening of drill pipes, ensuring efficient drilling operations. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the essential aspects of drill pipe power tongs, including their features, functions, benefits, and applications.
Drill pipe power tongs are hydraulic tools that are used to grip, rotate, and tighten drill pipes during drilling operations. They provide a secure hold on the pipe, allowing for efficient makeup (connection) or breakout (disconnection) processes. These tongs are designed to withstand high torque and pressure, making them ideal for demanding drilling tasks.
Drill pipe power tongs consist of several components, including the torque head, backup system, control system, and power unit. The torque head is responsible for the gripping and rotation of the drill pipe, while the backup system provides support and stability. The control system enables operators to regulate the tong's functions, and the power unit supplies the necessary hydraulic power for optimal performance.
When operating drill pipe power tongs, the torque head is positioned around the drill pipe, and the backup system is engaged to provide stability. The tong is then activated, causing the torque head to grip the pipe securely. The hydraulic power unit drives the rotation of the tong, allowing for efficient makeup or breakout of the drill pipe connections. This mechanism ensures accurate and reliable pipe handling.
Drill pipe power tongs find extensive applications in various drilling operations, such as oil and gas exploration, well drilling, and oilfield maintenance. They are compatible with different sizes and types of drill pipes, making them versatile tools in the industry. Whether it's onshore or offshore drilling, these tongs play a vital role in ensuring smooth and efficient operations.
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